{"id":852,"date":"2021-01-16T19:54:50","date_gmt":"2021-01-17T03:54:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fnerk.com\/?p=852"},"modified":"2021-01-17T21:14:21","modified_gmt":"2021-01-18T05:14:21","slug":"international-meals-democratic-republic-of-the-congo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fnerk.com\/?p=852","title":{"rendered":"International Meals &#8211; Democratic Republic of the Congo"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>It&#8217;s been a year, but it&#8217;s time to start a new letter!\u00a0 There&#8217;s only five &#8220;D&#8221; countries, so this will probably take a little less time.\u00a0 This week, we start with the other &#8220;Congo&#8221; country, the Democratic Republic of the Congo. (Which was renamed &#8220;Zaire&#8221; from 1965 until 1997.)<\/p>\n<p>As we pointed out a few weeks ago when we did the Republic of the Congo, the DRC was principally oppressed by Belgium, rather than France who did the oppressing across the river. However, there are a lot more similarities than differences, to the point that they two countries share the same national dish, which we have chosen to prepare for this meal, rather than last time.<\/p>\n<p>That national dish is <em>Poulet \u00e0 la Moamb\u00e9,<\/em> a chicken stew made with palm nut cream.\u00a0 We&#8217;ve encountered palm nut oil repeatedly in African recipes, but this stuff is a bit different.\u00a0 For one, it comes in a can, rather than a bottle:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/fnerk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/20210116_152701.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-853\" src=\"https:\/\/fnerk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/20210116_152701.jpg\" alt=\"Can of palm nut cream\" width=\"289\" height=\"383\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>For a second, the actual product looks very different, but we&#8217;ll get to that in a second.<\/p>\n<p>First, let me talk about the exact recipe we chose to use.\u00a0 There&#8217;s a number of versions of this recipe online aimed at western cooks.\u00a0 It&#8217;s not surprising, because (spoiler) this stew is REALLY GOOD.\u00a0 So we started by reading those.<\/p>\n<p>Unsurprisingly, nearly all of them call for peanut butter rather than palm nut cream, because it&#8217;s a much more readily available ingredient in North America.\u00a0 We would likely have picked one of those until I ran across this simple comment in response to one of the more promising:<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;That&#8217;s a lovely recipe but not moambe.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>To their credit, the blog authors (I&#8217;ll link the whole post below) respectfully entered a conversation with the commenter, who ended up sharing their full recipe for authentic moamb\u00e9 chicken made with palm nut cream.\u00a0 And THAT&#8217;S the one we&#8217;re making today &#8211; one we literally transcribed from a comment thread.<\/p>\n<p>We start the recipe by sweating some onions and garlic in red palm <em>oil<\/em>. (We haven&#8217;t gotten to the cream yet.)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/fnerk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/20210116_151858.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-854\" src=\"https:\/\/fnerk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/20210116_151858.jpg\" alt=\"Onions being sweated\" width=\"345\" height=\"456\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Once those are translucent, we add some cumin, water, thyme, a scotch bonnet pepper, and the cream which, as it turns out, has the consistency of natural peanut butter.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/fnerk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/20210116_152806.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-855\" src=\"https:\/\/fnerk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/20210116_152806.jpg\" alt=\"Moamb\u00e9 going into the pot.\" width=\"324\" height=\"430\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>(Not the best picture, sorry.)\u00a0 After the moamb\u00e9 has melted, the sauce is left to simmer for a LONG time. All of the timings in this recipe are somewhat vague, but 90 minutes seemed a good approximation.\u00a0 At the end of that period, a thick layer of oil has separated, and is floating on the top of the sauce.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/fnerk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/20210116_164847.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-856\" src=\"https:\/\/fnerk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/20210116_164847.jpg\" alt=\"Oil separating from moamb\u00e9 sauce\" width=\"325\" height=\"431\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The next bit was rather annoying &#8211; we had to skim off the oil without bringing too much of the very thick underlying sauce with it.\u00a0 This oil was used to sear our chicken pieces on both sides.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/fnerk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/20210116_170412.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-857\" src=\"https:\/\/fnerk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/20210116_170412.jpg\" alt=\"Chicken pieces searing\" width=\"324\" height=\"430\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Once they have a good color, they get thrown back into the pot of sauce, and left to simmer for as long as you can possibly stand it, while your apartment fills with the impossibly delicious smell of this stew.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/fnerk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/20210116_170748.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-858\" src=\"https:\/\/fnerk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/20210116_170748.jpg\" alt=\"Cooked stew\" width=\"313\" height=\"415\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Note the happy little Scotch bonnet pepper floating around in there.<\/p>\n<p>While we&#8217;re pretty comfortable with the authenticity of this dish, the next one is a bit more of a question mark.\u00a0 Lots of African recipes call for chopped leaf vegetables. There&#8217;s always a question, however, as to which ones are the best choices.\u00a0 In the past, we&#8217;ve used spinach. However, for this one, we wanted to try amaranth, which is also a staple vegetable in Africa.<\/p>\n<p>However, we ended up with a version we bought at a Chinese supermarket, marked &#8220;Xian Cai&#8221;.\u00a0 Is this the same amaranth that is grown in Africa?\u00a0 Is it authentic to the DRC? I must confess, we really don&#8217;t know. The recipes calls for &#8220;wild spinach&#8221;, which the African grocer MIGHT have had in the freezer, but we decided we&#8217;d rather sacrifice certainty for taste.<\/p>\n<p>But let&#8217;s get on with it.\u00a0 We&#8217;re making a variant of a dish called &#8220;Fumbwa&#8221;, which would normally involve dried fish.\u00a0 We varied it by leaving out the fish, but otherwise left it basically the same.<\/p>\n<p>It&#8217;s a pretty simple preparation. First, you chop the leaves.\u00a0 The Chinese amaranth we bought has pink streaked through the leaves, and is quite attractive:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/fnerk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/20210116_182322.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-859\" src=\"https:\/\/fnerk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/20210116_182322.jpg\" alt=\"Chinese amaranth\" width=\"397\" height=\"527\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>You can see why we decided to go with these rather than frozen spinach leaves!<\/p>\n<p>The leaves are simmered in water with a bit more palm oil, scallions, garlic, tomatoes, and a stock cube.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/fnerk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/20210116_183546.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-860 \" src=\"https:\/\/fnerk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/20210116_183546-e1610945271990.jpg\" alt=\"Stew simmering.\" width=\"415\" height=\"404\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fnerk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/20210116_183546-e1610945271990.jpg 576w, https:\/\/fnerk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/20210116_183546-e1610945271990-300x292.jpg 300w, https:\/\/fnerk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/20210116_183546-e1610945271990-309x300.jpg 309w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 415px) 100vw, 415px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>It is then finished with either peanut butter or ground peanuts.\u00a0 If peanut butter, you have to wait for it to melt, but ground peanuts just need to cook long enough to heat through.\u00a0 Here&#8217;s the final product.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/fnerk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/20210116_183916.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-861 \" src=\"https:\/\/fnerk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/20210116_183916.jpg\" alt=\"Finished amaranth stew\" width=\"372\" height=\"492\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>And finally, we made fufu. Again.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/fnerk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/20210116_184325.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-862\" src=\"https:\/\/fnerk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/20210116_184325.jpg\" alt=\"Fufu.  Again.\" width=\"326\" height=\"432\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Fufu is an incredibly important subsistence food throughout Africa.\u00a0 It&#8217;s hard to understate how critical it is for meeting basic caloric requirements for millions of people. Very few Congolese could afford to make the chicken stew we are making here on a regular basis &#8211; fufu is truly a critical part of the food ecosystem on the continent.<\/p>\n<p>But man &#8211; am I terrible at making it appetizing.\u00a0 We tried adding butter and salt to the cassava flour and water paste this time.\u00a0 It didn&#8217;t seem to help.\u00a0 As always, it functioned as a reasonably adequate way to move sauce from plate to face, but since we ARE privileged enough to have chicken available, we mostly stuck with that and the amaranth stew.<\/p>\n<p>Here&#8217;s the final assembly:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/fnerk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/20210116_184658.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-863\" src=\"https:\/\/fnerk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/20210116_184658.jpg\" alt=\"DRC Full Meal\" width=\"576\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fnerk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/20210116_184658.jpg 576w, https:\/\/fnerk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/20210116_184658-225x300.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 576px) 100vw, 576px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Doesn&#8217;t that look pretty? It&#8217;s not JUST about appearances, of course, but it doesn&#8217;t hurt that the colors on this plate are gorgeous.<\/p>\n<p>And you know what?\u00a0 It doesn&#8217;t just look good &#8211; it&#8217;s\u00a0<em>delicious!<\/em> The chicken was fall-apart tender, and had absorbed the deliciously not-quite-peanut flavor of the moamb\u00e9 and the other seasonings.\u00a0 And as tasty as the chicken was, the amaranth almost stole the show &#8211; the peanuts, tomatoes, and greens together made for a tart, salty, and crunchy combination that was just dynamite.\u00a0 The one change I would make for next time would be to slice the Scotch bonnet, rather than leaving it whole, to try and kick the heat up another notch or two.\u00a0 (It was great as it was, but it would ALSO be great spicier.)<\/p>\n<p>This is definitely one of our favorite African national dishes so far, and we certainly hope DRC can find the stability and development it needs for more of the population there to be able to enjoy it on a regular basis.<\/p>\n<p>Next up, we return to Europe to visit Denmark!<\/p>\n<p>Recipes:<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/explorers.kitchen\/recipes\/mains\/moambe-chicken\/\">Moamb\u00e9 Chicken<\/a> (This is the blog from which we copied the recipe out of the comments.\u00a0 I&#8217;ve transcribed the version we used in a more traditional format below.)<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thespruceeats.com\/fumbwa-recipe-congolese-wild-spinach-stew-39465\">Fumbwa<\/a> (Congolese Spinach Stew)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Moamb\u00e9 Chicken<\/strong><br \/>\n(Per &#8220;e&#8221; in the comments of the blog above)<br \/>\n2 large onions<br \/>\n3-4 cloves garlic<br \/>\n1\/2 tbs ground cumin<br \/>\n1 can tomato paste<br \/>\nhandful of fresh thyme, tied with twine<br \/>\n800g can of Palm Nut Cream<br \/>\n2 cubes stock<br \/>\n1 hot pepper (optional)<br \/>\n2 lbs chicken<\/p>\n<p>1. Sweat onions in palm oil with a good amount of salt at medium high in a heavy pot, such as a Dutch oven.<br \/>\n2. Once the onions are translucent, add garlic and cumin.\u00a0 Cook until fragrant.<br \/>\n3. Add tomato paste and allow to darken<br \/>\n4. Lower heat, add thyme, entire can of Palm Nut Cream, stock cubes, and about 3\/4 L water until cream is completely covered.<br \/>\n5. Cook, stirring, until the cream has melted.<br \/>\n6. Add water until the mixture has the consistency of brown soup.<br \/>\n7. Add hot pepper if desired. (Dan: consider slicing for maximum effect.)<br \/>\n8. Allow to come to boil and cook for ~45 minutes until thickened a bit.<br \/>\n9. Lower the heat, partially cover, and cook for a further 45 minutes, adding water as needed to prevent it becoming too thick. This would be a good time to take your chicken out of the fridge so it comes up to room temperature.<br \/>\n10. Apply a little salt to the chicken and cut breasts into large pieces. Remove skin if present.<br \/>\n11. The moambe should change smell somewhat, oil should be visible on top.\u00a0 Be careful, as the hot oil can spatter, burn, and stain.<br \/>\n12. Carefully skim the oil from the sauce.<br \/>\n13. Using the oil, brown the chicken on all sides.<br \/>\n14. Taste the sauce for salt and pepper, then add the chicken.<br \/>\n15. Cook until breasts have fallen apart and other cuts are done. (ideally, simmer as long as possible here.)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>It&#8217;s been a year, but it&#8217;s time to start a new letter!\u00a0 There&#8217;s only five &#8220;D&#8221; countries, so this will probably take a little less time.\u00a0 This week, we start with the other &#8220;Congo&#8221; country, the Democratic Republic of the &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/fnerk.com\/?p=852\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":863,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-852","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-international-meals"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fnerk.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/852","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fnerk.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fnerk.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fnerk.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fnerk.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=852"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/fnerk.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/852\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":864,"href":"https:\/\/fnerk.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/852\/revisions\/864"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fnerk.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/863"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fnerk.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=852"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fnerk.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=852"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fnerk.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=852"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}